Sanhedrin 34 - January 20, 20 Tevet

Study Guide Sanhedrin 34 Today’s daf is dedicated in memory Staff  Sgt. Oron Shaul whose body was returned by the IDF to Israel yesterday and to Emily, Romi and Doron - who were released yesterday after 471 days in captivity. Their courage is a model to us all! We pray for the speedy return of the rest of the hostages. The Mishna teaches that anyone present may argue in favor of acquitting the defendant, but arguments for conviction are restricted. The Gemara explores whether this rule applies only to the students observing the proceedings, or if it extends to the witnesses as well. The Mishna further states that once a judge initially supports acquittal, they cannot later argue for conviction. Rav clarifies this rule, explaining that it only applies during the preliminary deliberations. However, when the court reaches its final decision-making phase, a judge may change their position, even to favor conviction. Though four tannaitic sources are presented to challenge Rav's interpretation, the Gemara successfully reconciles each one. Regarding the timing of court proceedings, the Gemara discusses the source of the rule that monetary cases must commence during daylight hours but may continue after nightfall. Rabbi Meir presents a dissenting view on this matter, and the Gemara examines the textual basis for his position.