13.4 The Battle of Civitate 1053 AD, Part 4

In the first half of the eleventh century, the Normans gained much territory in Italy but in so doing had made many enemies. In 1054 Pope Leo IX brought together a force of Lombards, Germans and Byzantines to confront them. The Normans won an overwhelming victory and effectively conquered the southern half of the peninsulawww.historyeurope.net Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.