EA - Short agony or long ache: comparing sources of suffering that differ in duration and intensity by cynthiaschuck

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Short agony or long ache: comparing sources of suffering that differ in duration and intensity, published by cynthiaschuck on February 21, 2024 on The Effective Altruism Forum.Cynthia Schuck-Paim; Wladimir J. Alonso; Cian Hamilton (Welfare Footprint Project)OverviewIn assessing animal welfare, it would be immensely beneficial to rely on a cardinal metric that captures the overall affective experience of sentient beings over a period of interest or lifetime. We believe that the concept of Cumulative Pain (or Pleasure, for positive affective states), as adopted in the Welfare Footprint framework, aligns closely with this ideal.It quantifies the time spent in various intensities of pain and has proven operationally useful, providing actionable insights for guiding cost-effective interventions aimed at reducing animal suffering.However, it does not yet offer a unified metric of suffering, as it measures time spent in four categories of pain intensity. While we anticipate this complexity will persist for some time - given the current challenges in equating pain intensities - we believe the discussion on the possibility of integrating these four categories is necessary and valuable. We are thus sharing this document here to contribute in this discussion and elicit feedback and criticism to help us improve our approach.We apologize for the academic tone of the text, initially written with an academic paper in mind.Key TakeawaysPain's aversiveness escalates disproportionally with its intensity, making severe pains feel disproportionately worse.Determining the exact form of the relationship, however, is still challenging, as insights from human pain studies are limited and difficult to apply to animals, and designing experiments to address this issue in animals is inherently challenging.Intensity weights are likely dynamic and modulated by multiple factors, including interspecific differences in the perception of time. The very relationship between pain aversiveness and intensity may change depending on the experience's duration.Currently, the uncertainty associated with putative weights among pain intensity categories is orders of magnitude greater than the uncertainty related to other attributes of pain experiences, such as their prevalence or duration.Given these challenges, we currently favor a disaggregated approach. Disaggregated estimates can currently rank most welfare challenges and farm animal production scenarios in terms of suffering.In the case of more complex trade-offs between brief intense pain and longer-lasting milder pain we suggest two approaches. First, ensuring that all consequences of the welfare challenges are taken into account. For example, the effects of long-lasting chronic pain extend beyond the immediate experience, leading to long-term consequences (e.g., pain sensitization, immune suppression, behavioral deprivation, helplessness, depression) that may themselves trigger experiences of intense pain.The same may happen with experiences of brief intense pain endured early in life. Second, once all secondary effects are considered, we suggest examining which weights would steer different decision paths, and determining how justifiable those weights are. This approach allows for normative flexibility, enabling stakeholders to rely on their own values and perspectives when making decisions.BackgroundPain, both physical and psychological, is an integral aspect of life for sentient organisms. Pain serves a vital biological purpose by signaling actual or potential harm or injury, prompting individuals to avoid or mitigate the cause of pain [1]. It varies in intensity, from a mild annoyance to an excruciating agony, and duration, from fleeting moments to persistent, long-lasting conditions.This diversity in the intensity and duration of ...